BIODEX在大腿、膝关节伤后功能诊断及康复中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨静宜  赖柳明 《北京体育大学学报》1993,(2)

42名有大腿前、后群肌肉拉伤或膝关节急、慢性损伤史的运动员为受试者。用BIODEX 多关节等速测力及康复系统测定膝关节屈、伸肌群肌力,取60(°)/s 向心、离心及240(°)/s 向心收缩的最大力矩(PT)等指标,用“评价表格”进行分析评定,并对力矩曲线加以分析。初步认为,力矩曲线异常具有功能诊断参考价值,并可用于选拔运动员时及时发现伤情。参照BIODEX 测试结果,有针对性的进行康复锻炼,可收到良好效果。  相似文献   

腰部竖脊肌疲劳运动过程中表面肌电信号线性和非线性指标的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王翔 《浙江体育科学》2008,30(6):104-106

通过等长背伸运动负荷诱发腰部竖脊肌疲劳并记录全程表面肌电（sEMG）信号,分别以快速傅立叶变换（FFT）计算平均功率频率MPF和非线性RQA方法计算确定性线段百分数（?T）。结果显示,MPF随着肌肉疲劳的发展而逐渐下降,而?T呈现反向变化趋势,提示肌肉疲劳时的sEMG信号规律性在增强。?T的变异系数CV比MPF的小,说明?T作为腰部肌肉功能状态的评价指标具有独特的优势。  相似文献   

针刺和静力牵张对大负荷运动后骨骼肌M线变化影响的免疫电镜研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

屈竹青  樊景禹  卢鼎厚 《体育科学》1992,(6)

用胶体金标记技术定位运动后及运动后经针刺或静力牵张处理的人骨骼肌M蛋白,以探讨超过习惯负荷后骨骼肌收缩结构变化以及针刺和静力牵张对促进其恢复的机制。我们发现:大负荷斜蹲后未经针刺的对照腿股外肌M线的M蛋白标记密度低于针刺腿(P<0.05),而对照腿M线两侧及M线两侧以外的M蛋白标记密度高于针刺腿(P<0.05)。对照实验证明运动腿M线以外增加的标记物为物异性标记。静力牵张组在M线及M线两侧的标记结果与针刺组一致。仅在M线两侧以外区域牵张腿与运动对照腿之间标记密度的差异没有统计学意义。我们还观察到运动后对照腿变化M线体密度达42—48％,而针刺或牵张腿为6—9％。上述结果表明大负荷运动加强了负荷后骨骼肌M蛋白的解聚或降解,从而导致M线结构改变;针刺和静力牵张可显著促进M蛋白的合成或抑制其降解,而使M线结构恢复或稳定。本文还探讨了M线变化与肌粗丝结构变化的关系。  相似文献   

补脾活血中药对小鼠运动时物质代谢机能的影响   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22  

曹建民  冯炜权 《北京体育大学学报》1995,(1)

利用补脾活血中药灌服小白鼠结合游泳训练，实验结果表明，6周游泳训练对小鼠的血清睾酮水平没有显著影响，训练结合补脾及补脾活血中药的灌眼，可显著提高小鼠血清睾酮水平；服药组可显著提高小鼠肌糖原含量，加速肌糖原的恢复；服药组使小鼠血清β－脂蛋白、总胆固醇、游离胆固醇含量显著低于训练及安静组。揭示服药可明显改善机体脂蛋白和脂代谢能力；眼药组可使血液脂肪酸（FFA）含量及FFA／白蛋白比值显著低于训练及安静组；服药组可显著降低血清胆红素、谷草转氨酶（GOT）活性，揭示服用中药可明显改善肝脏物质代谢能力，加速肝功能的恢复；在所有服药组中，补脾活血组效果较单独补脾和活血组为好。  相似文献   

肌肉力量连续统一体理论及其在力量训练中的应用研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

臧秋华 《沈阳体育学院学报》2005,24(4):76-78

通过对肌肉力量中主动张力和被动张力的关系所作的深入探讨,认为肌肉在不同收缩形式和收缩速度下,肌力的组成以及各组成成分之间既相互区别又相互联系,形成一个连续统一体。这为力量训练理论与实践研究开辟了新的思路。  相似文献   

Specific tackling situations affect the biomechanical demands experienced by rugby union players     

Elena Seminati  Dario Cazzola  Ezio Preatoni  Grant Trewartha 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(1):58-75

Tackling in Rugby Union is an open skill which can involve high-speed collisions and is the match event associated with the greatest proportion of injuries. This study aimed to analyse the biomechanics of rugby tackling under three conditions: from a stationary position, with dominant and non-dominant shoulder, and moving forward, with dominant shoulder. A specially devised contact simulator, a 50-kg punch bag instrumented with pressure sensors, was translated towards the tackler (n = 15) to evaluate the effect of laterality and tackling approach on the external loads absorbed by the tackler, on head and trunk motion, and on trunk muscle activities. Peak impact force was substantially higher in the stationary dominant (2.84 ± 0.74 kN) than in the stationary non-dominant condition (2.44 ± 0.64 kN), but lower than in the moving condition (3.40 ± 0.86 kN). Muscle activation started on average 300 ms before impact, with higher activation for impact-side trapezius and non-impact-side erector spinae and gluteus maximus muscles. Players’ technique for non-dominant-side tackles was less compliant with current coaching recommendations in terms of cervical motion (more neck flexion and lateral bending in the stationary non-dominant condition) and players could benefit from specific coaching focus on non-dominant-side tackles.  相似文献   

我国男生引体向上“零”分探因:基于三角互证的研究策略     

何素艳  石岩 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(10):81-87

我国多数男生引体向上得"零"分，使上肢力量测评出现"地板效应"。采用量化研究和质性研究两种范式提高研究效度。量化研究对学生体质与健康调研数据和监测数据进行方差分析、多重比较和回归分析，结果表明：（1）每5~10年，男生的握力、体重、身高、BMI、引体向上均值差异显著；（2）年龄、握力、体重、身高、BMI分别显著预测引体向上成绩，体重和握力是影响我国男生引体向上成绩的主要影响因素。质性研究结果表明，引体向上"零"分主要有四个方面的原因：体重增长难挡，力量增长受限，个体认知偏差，社会支持薄弱。结论：我国男生引体向上"零"分的首要原因是体重增长较快，其次，主要肌群绝对力量和耐力增长不足，男生对引体向上的认知有偏差，学校、家长、社会支持较弱；借助政策控制体重、发展肌力、完善测评标准、促进男生积极练习引体向上十分重要。  相似文献   

Physical activity and nutrition guidelines to help with the fight against COVID-19     

Kayvan Khoramipour  Aref Basereh  Amirhoseein Ahmadi Hekmatikar  Lindy Castell  Ruheea Taskin Ruhee 《Journal of sports sciences》2021,39(1):101-107

ABSTRACT

As the world is witnessing the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019, emerging genetics and clinical pieces of evidence suggest a similar immunopathology to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Staying at home to prevent the spread of the virus and consequently being largely inactive is associated with unintended consequences. These can actually enhance the infection risk and exacerbate poor health conditions including impaired immune function. Physical activity is a feasible way of improving health, particularly physical and mental health in a time of social isolation. However, people with certain health conditions in these circumstances may need a special physical activity programme in addition to any exercise they may already be performing via online programmes. This review aims to provide practical guidelines during the COVID-19 quarantine period. We suggest performing aerobic, resistance training, respiratory muscle training and yoga in the healthy, and in those with upper respiratory tract illness, patients with lower respiratory tract illness should be restricted to respiratory muscle training and yoga. In addition, vitamins D and C, omega-3 fatty acids, and regular consumption of fruit and vegetables might be considered as nutritional aids to support the immune system in those affected by COVID-19.  相似文献   

Fatigue increases ankle sprain risk in badminton players: A biomechanical study     

Alexis Herbaut  Julien Delannoy 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(13):1560-1565

ABSTRACT

Ankle sprains are the most common injury in regular badminton players and usually occur at the end of a match or training. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of fatigue produced by badminton practice on the lower limb biomechanics of badminton players. It was hypothesized that fatigue induces ankle kinematic and lower leg muscle activity changes which may increase the risk of ankle sprain. Ankle kinematics, ankle kinetics and muscles activities of 17 regular badminton players were recorded during lateral jumps before and after an intense badminton practice session. Post-fatigue, ankle inversion at foot strike and peak ankle inversion increased (+2.6°, p = 0.003 and +2.5°, p = 0.005, respectively). EMG pre-activation within 100 ms before foot landing significantly decreased after fatigue for soleus (?23.4%, p = 0.031), gastrocnemius lateralis (?12.2%, p = 0.035), gastrocnemius medialis (?23.3%, p = 0.047) and peroneus brevis (?17.4%, p = 0.036). These results demonstrate impaired biomechanics of badminton players when fatigue increases, which may cause a greater risk of experiencing an ankle sprain injury.  相似文献   

Tribute to Dr Jacques Rogge: muscle activity and fatigue during hiking in Olympic dinghy sailing     

Jan G. Bourgois  Jasmien Dumortier  Margot Callewaert  Bert Celie  Carlo Capelli  Gisela Sjøgaard 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(5):611-620

‘A tribute to Dr J. Rogge’ aims to systematically review muscle activity and muscle fatigue during sustained submaximal quasi-isometric knee extension exercise (hiking) related to Olympic dinghy sailing as a tribute to Dr Rogge’s merits in the world of sports. Dr Jacques Rogge is not only the former President of the International Olympic Committee, he was also an orthopaedic surgeon and a keen sailor, competing at three Olympic Games. In 1972, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Sports Medicine, he was the first who studied a sailors’ muscle activity by means of invasive needle electromyography (EMG) during a specific sailing technique (hiking) on a self-constructed sailing ergometer. Hiking is a bilateral and multi-joint submaximal quasi-isometric movement which dinghy sailors use to optimize boat speed and to prevent the boat from capsizing. Large stresses are generated in the anterior muscles that cross the knee and hip joint, mainly employing the quadriceps at an intensity of 30–40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), sometimes exceeding 100% MVC. Better sailing level is partially determined by a lower rate of neuromuscular fatigue during hiking and for ≈60% predicted by a higher maximal isometric quadriceps strength. Although useful in exercise testing, prediction of hiking endurance capacity based on the changes in surface EMG in thigh and trunk muscles during a hiking maintenance task is not reliable. This could probably be explained by the varying exercise intensity and joint angles, and the great number of muscles and joints involved in hiking.

Highlights

• Dr Jacques Rogge, former president of the International Olympic Committee and Olympic Finn sailor, was the first to study muscle activity during sailing using invasive needle EMG to obtain his Master degree in Sports Medicine at the Ghent University.

• Hiking is a critical bilateral and multi-joint movement during dinghy racing, accounting for >60% of the total upwind leg time. Hiking generates large stresses in the anterior muscles that cross the knee and hip joint.

• Hiking is considered as a quasi-isometric bilateral knee extension exercise. Muscle activity measurements during sailing, recorded by means of EMG, show a mean contraction intensity of 30-40% maximal voluntary contraction with peaks exceeding 100%.

• Hiking performance is strongly related to the development of neuromuscular fatigue in the quadriceps muscle. Since maximal strength is an important determinant of neuromuscular fatigue during hiking, combined strength and endurance training should be incorporated in the training program of dinghy sailors.

  相似文献